Exploring the Working Principle of Lithium Batteries: The "Migration Journey" of Lithium Ions

Exploring the Working Principle of Lithium Batteries: The "Migration Journey" of Lithium Ions

As an indispensable energy carrier in modern society, the core mystery of lithium batteries lies in the directional movement of lithium ions. During charging, lithium ions in the positive electrode material "fly away" from the lattice like migratory birds and, driven by the electric field force, pass through the electrolyte and intercalate into the layered structure of the negative electrode. During this process, electrons synchronously reach the negative electrode through the external circuit, completing the charge balance. Take lithium iron phosphate batteries as an example. During charging, lithium ions in the lithium iron phosphate lattice are released and transformed into lithium iron phosphate. However, during discharging, lithium ions migrate in the reverse direction and recombine with lithium iron phosphate to form lithium iron phosphate. Electrons, through the work done by the load, efficiently convert chemical energy into electrical energy. This reversible process based on REDOX reactions forms the basis of the cycle charging and discharging of lithium batteries. Its unique "rocking chair" working mechanism enables the storage and release of energy to be like a precisely choreographed dance, providing stable power for various devices.